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An evaluation of constitutional law in protecting indigenous languages: A study of Jos South Local Government Area, Plateau State

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Background of the Study
Indigenous languages are central to the cultural identity and heritage of communities, and their preservation is crucial for maintaining linguistic diversity (Adeyemi & Sule, 2024). In Nigeria, where over 500 indigenous languages are spoken, the protection and promotion of these languages have been a persistent challenge. While the Nigerian Constitution recognizes the importance of cultural rights, the legal framework for safeguarding indigenous languages has been underutilized (Eze & Okoro, 2023). Jos South Local Government Area, located in Plateau State, is home to diverse ethnic groups with distinct indigenous languages, making it an ideal setting to assess the effectiveness of constitutional law in protecting these languages. Despite the constitutional guarantees for cultural rights, indigenous languages in Jos South, as in other parts of the country, face challenges such as neglect in education, media, and public life (Abdullahi, 2025). Constitutional provisions such as Section 55 of the Nigerian Constitution and the National Policy on Education emphasize the use of indigenous languages in the educational system, yet the implementation of these policies has been inconsistent, especially in areas with diverse linguistic communities like Jos South (Umar, 2024). This study seeks to evaluate the extent to which constitutional law has been effective in preserving and promoting indigenous languages in Jos South, Plateau State, by analyzing both legal frameworks and local language policies (Dangana, 2024). Through this study, we aim to identify barriers to the successful protection of indigenous languages and propose solutions based on constitutional principles (Olawale, 2025).

1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite the recognition of the cultural and linguistic rights of indigenous communities in the Nigerian Constitution, indigenous languages continue to face challenges of marginalization in various domains of public life, particularly in Jos South LGA. These languages are often overlooked in education, official communication, and the media, resulting in their gradual decline (Eze & Okoro, 2023). Although the Constitution provides legal guarantees for the preservation of these languages, the practical application of these provisions remains inadequate. This research aims to assess how constitutional law has been applied to protect indigenous languages in Jos South LGA and explore the factors that hinder the effective implementation of these legal provisions.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of constitutional law in protecting indigenous languages in Jos South Local Government Area.

  • To examine the challenges faced in the implementation of constitutional provisions for language preservation in Jos South LGA.

  • To propose recommendations for strengthening the legal framework for indigenous language protection in Jos South LGA.

1.4 Research Questions

  • How effective has constitutional law been in safeguarding indigenous languages in Jos South LGA?

  • What challenges hinder the implementation of constitutional provisions for indigenous language preservation in Jos South LGA?

  • What measures can be taken to enhance the protection of indigenous languages in Jos South LGA?

1.5 Research Hypothesis

  • Constitutional law has a significant role in the preservation of indigenous languages in Jos South LGA.

  • The lack of resources and political will is a major barrier to the effective implementation of language protection laws in Jos South LGA.

  • Educational policies that emphasize indigenous languages improve the protection and promotion of these languages in Jos South LGA.

1.6 Significance of the Study
This study contributes to the growing body of research on language policy and constitutional law in Nigeria, particularly in the context of protecting indigenous languages. By focusing on Jos South Local Government Area, the research will offer valuable insights into the practical application of constitutional law in preserving linguistic diversity at the local level. The findings of this study will inform policymakers, educators, and language advocates about the gaps in the legal framework and provide recommendations for improving the implementation of language protection laws. Furthermore, the research will serve as a resource for other regions in Nigeria facing similar challenges with indigenous language preservation, helping to enhance the country's cultural and linguistic heritage (Abdullahi, 2025).

1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study is confined to Jos South Local Government Area in Plateau State, Nigeria, focusing on the application of constitutional law to the protection of indigenous languages. The study does not extend to other regions or ethnic groups in Nigeria. Limitations include potential difficulties in accessing data from local language institutions and government agencies, as well as the challenge of accounting for the wide diversity of indigenous languages in Jos South LGA.

1.8 Operational Definition of Terms

  • Indigenous Languages: The native languages spoken by ethnic groups that are indigenous to a specific region, as opposed to foreign or colonial languages (Adeyemi & Sule, 2024).

  • Constitutional Law: The body of law governing the structure and powers of government, as well as the protection of citizens' rights, including cultural and linguistic rights (Eze & Okoro, 2023).

  • Jos South Local Government Area: A political unit within Plateau State, Nigeria, which serves as the geographical focus of this study (Dangana, 2024).


 





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